10 Questions About Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common dermatological pathologies that can cause discomfort in those who suffer from it. In turn, it affects both adults and children, and does not make a difference between genders.
The clinical manifestations cause alteration in the quality of life, however, it does not usually pose risks. Below, we answer 10 of the most frequently asked questions regarding atopic dermatitis.
10 questions about atopic dermatitis
1. What is atopic dermatitis?
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the skin. It usually begins in childhood and is characterized by the presence of dry skin. In fact, about 60% of cases usually develop during the first year of life.
It is most frequently observed in children (15-30%), but there may be cases in adults (2-10%). In turn, it is believed to be associated with other IgE-related disorders such as asthma, food allergies or allergic rhinitis.
2. Is it contagious?
This is one of the most frequently asked questions about atopic dermatitis. Although skin manifestations tend to bother and alter the quality of life of those who suffer from them and their family, it is not a contagious disease.
Although its pathogenesis is not yet exactly evidenced, it would be the result of the fusion of the alteration of the skin barrier, immune dysregulation and environmental and infectious agents. The diagnosis is usually clinical and is based on the characteristics of the lesions together with their location.
3. Is there a relationship with breastfeeding or feeding?
A systemic review in The Jounral of Allergy and Clinical Immunology concludes that severe chronic atopic dermatitis is partially associated with food allergy. Therefore, it suggests that atopic disease precedes the development of food allergy. More than anything to products like peanuts or eggs.
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology recommend exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 and up to 6 months for the primary prevention of allergic diseases.
4. What areas of the body does it usually affect?
Lesion locations vary with age:
- Babies : extensor surfaces, trunk, neck, face and scalp.
- Children : flexion surfaces, neck, wrists and ankles.
- Adolescence and adults : flexion surfaces, hands and feet.
5. What are the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis?
The symptoms of atopic dermatitis can be different from one person to another. However, the main and characteristic symptoms are itching and dry skin.
It may have lighter or brighter red spots and lesions that ooze and crust over with scratching. In turn, these lesions sit on thickened, fissured and scaly skin. Even the skin can be ulcerated, inflamed and sensitive.
6. Do the symptoms vary according to evolution?
The clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis depend on the age group and the chronicity of the pathology.
- Acute stages : edematous plaques and papules, erythematous and vesicles or crusts are evident.
- Subacute : erythema, scales, various crusts.
- Chronic : thick plaques with lichenification and scales.
7. Is there a treatment for atopic dermatitis?
There are four fundamental pillars in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
- Avoid triggers.
- Daily skin care.
- Anti-inflammatory treatment.
- Complementary therapies.
8. Is sunbathing counterproductive?
There is no prohibition in this regard. On the contrary, numerous studies have shown the positive influence on eczema from exposure to ultraviolet rays. However, it does not mean that it is a medical recommendation to implement it as a therapeutic option in allergic diseases.
In fact, sun exposure from acute skin lesions can cause residual hyperpigmented macules that are difficult to remove in the future.
9. Should certain external agents be avoided?
In the vast majority of cases, the onset occurs in childhood, but the disorder persists for a time. That is, the disease has relapses and remissions.
People who are continuously exposed to tobacco, smoke, fumes, pet dander, pollen, soap, detergent, and wool will have ongoing symptoms and overall quality of life is poor. Patients can see improved skin and a reduction in flare-ups by avoiding allergens.
10. Are there limitations or restrictions for those with atopic dermatitis?
Atopic dermatitis is not a condition that generates limitations of certain activities or routines. Therefore, those who suffer from it can swim in a pool or in the sea and can expose themselves to the sun (always taking into account the care to avoid sun damage).
There is no contraindication for the practice of sports. However, always after exercising or swimming, the ideal is to rinse the skin, dry it without generating friction with the towel and apply an emollient.
In short, we hope we have resolved your doubts about atopic dermatitis. However, if more arise, it is best to consult a dermatologist to clarify the matter better.
